Employment - 2020

India with a population of 1.38 billion people struggles with employment opportunities.
The State of Employment in India, a report analysing the country’s employment situation in the country specifically from the lens of gender.In a bleak employment scenario, employment and its conditions is even worse when it comes to the women in the country both due to socio-cultural reasons and also government policies.

Modi Government Failed to Create Jobs

In its election manifesto in 2014, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) committed to an ambitious target of creating an additional 10 million jobs every year. In fact, it was what attracted many  young first time voter, perhaps also a first time job seeker, to Prime Minister Narendra Modi because he projected the aspirations of a rising India.Were the promised jobs created? Certainly No.

Modi’s government has snatched away jobs, by neglecting the labour intensive sectors such as textiles, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. As demonetization and GST has “negatively affected the sectors that harbour a large share of unorganised firms."

So when the BJP government have failed to realise the most popular promise made by them in 2014, the government is trying its level best to keep the citizens of this country uninformed. The Modi government has spectacularly failed to create the promised jobs. In fact, reports by Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) suggest that over one crore jobs were lost in 2018 itself.

The Modi government has avoided even looking at this harsh reality, and has done its best to bury the data on jobs as was the case of the leaked National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) report that has still not been officially published.

The government had tried to confuse everybody with spurious data based on EPFO enrolments or tourism or transport sector figures. But the reality is known to all those who have been wandering about looking for jobs.

India a prosperous economy

Despite being a booming economy and increasing labour force, the process of job creation has been extremely sluggish. The outcomes on distribution of income and wealth are strongly linked to the processes in the labour market. Although there has been a sharp increase in the employment of informal workers in the organised sector, particularly in the private sector. The share of contract workers to all workers being employed was then less than 20 percent in the beginning of this century. But within a decade it increased to more than one-third. Contract workers not only suffer from the insecurity of tenure but are also paid less with no social security benefits. 

What makes India stand out on issues of labour and employment is that despite India witnessing prolonged periods of high economic growth, this growth has not been translating into increase in jobs.The PM and the BJP have been flashing the increasing GDP as their achievement, but are refusing to acknowledge the increase in unemployment in the country. If this is the story of employment in general, as noted earlier, the story of the employment of women in the country is deplorable.

Gender biasness

It considers the existing gaps between the employment of various genders, castes and regions (rural and urban). Women’s labour force participation in India is one of the lowest in the world. Women comprise half of the Indian population but make up less than a quarter of the labour force.

Women being left out of the economic growth narrative. It shows that women’s participation is low due to decline in rural jobs, transforming urban areas, unequal pay, the burden of unpaid care work, and the continuing prevalence of regressive social norms. And this is a consequence of poor policy choices and lack of investment in social security and infrastructure.

Types of service sector

Service sector is categorised into the following −

  • Primary sector − It includes agriculture and other related works.

  • Secondary sector − It includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, and electricity, gas, water supply, etc.

  • Tertiary sector or Service sector − It includes trade, transport and storage, and services.

Conclusion

The motive behind working is not only to earn for ourselves, but also to support our dependents. Being employed gives a sense of self-worthiness and dignity as well as recognition in the society. Above all, a working employee not only earns for himself/herself, but he/she also contributes to the national income of the country.


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